A calculator to calculate the equivalent impedance of a resistor, a capacitor and and inductor in series. The calculator gives the impedance as a complex numbers in standard form , its modulus and argument which may be used to write the impedance in exponential and polar forms.
We first give the formulas used in the series RLC calculator and the proof of these formulas is presented in the bottom part of the page.
Let
\( Z_R = R \) , \( Z_C = \dfrac{1}{j \omega C} \) , \( Z_L = j \omega L\)
Apply the rule of impedances of a series ciruits to find the equivalent impedance \( Z \) as follows
\( Z = R + Z_C + Z_L \)
Let
\( X_L = \omega L \) and \( X_C = \dfrac{1}{\omega C} \)
and rewrite \( Z \) as
\( Z = R + \dfrac{1}{j \omega C} + j \omega L \)
\( Z = R + j ( - X_C + X_L ) \)
We now use the exponential form of complex number to write
\( Z = r e^{j\theta} \)
the modulus of \( Z \) as
\( r = \sqrt {R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2 } \)
the argument of \( Z \) is given by
\( \theta = \arctan \left(\dfrac{X_L - X_C}{R} \right) \)
Frequency \( f = 1 \; kHz \) , \( C = 10 \; \mu F \) , \( L = 10 \; mH \) and \( R = 100 \; \Omega \)
\( X_L = \omega L = 2 \pi f L = 2 \pi 10^3 10^{-2} = 62.83 \; \Omega \)
\( X_C = \dfrac{1}{\omega C} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi f C} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi 10^3 10^{-5} } = 15.92 \; \Omega \)
Group imaginary terms
\( Z = 100 + j ( 62.83 - 15.92 ) \)
Simplify
\( Z = 100 + j ( 62.83 - 15.92 ) = 100 + 46.91 j\)
Write the above in exponential form
\( Z = \sqrt {100^2 + 46.91^2} e^{j \arctan{\dfrac{46.91}{100}}} = 110.45 \; e^{j 0.44} \)
\( Z \) written in phasor form
\( Z = 110.45 \angle 0.44 \; rad = 110.45 \angle 25.13^{\circ} \)
You may input the given values in the calculator and check the results.